Bone is a specialized connective tissue and its formation involves many steps and stages. It is a dynamic tissue that responds to many internal and external factors and adapts to changing functional conditions. Bone is composed of various types of cells and collagenous extracellular organic matrix, which is predominantly type I collagen (85–95%) that becomes hardened by the deposition of […]
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide with over 508,000 deaths due to breast cancer in 2011. Current breast cancer therapies include localized surgery and radiation, as well as systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Although newer pharmaceutical options, such as […]
As a key substrate for generating biological energy in all of the body’s cells, glucose is vital for sustaining life. Numerous other metabolic processes and bodily functions also depend on a steady supply of glucose. In all aspects, optimum intracellular transport of glucose is essential for a healthy metabolism and for maintaining healthy blood glucose levels.
Despite sporadic progress, cancer has thus far eluded preventive and therapeutic approaches that can lead to an effective control of this global epidemic. The single most important reason for this failure is the fact that no effective intervention became available to impede the pathological pathways common to all types of cancer. In our study, we targeted […]
Chronic vitamin deficiency is an underlying cause of many modern human chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). A major pathological mechanism leading to the development of CVD is loss of vascular-wall integrity, a structural weakness that triggers the atherosclerotic process. The arterial wall is composed of the constituent cells and surrounding […]
We live in the age of aluminum (Al), faced with an increased exposure to this non-essential metal. While Al is ubiquitously present in the earth’s crust, it was not identified until 1808, and was only isolated in pure form in 1825. In 1886 the industrial process of smelting Al was developed (the Hall-Héroulth process), which is still the state-of-the-art technique for Al production. With the onset of World War II, Al became a key […]
Air pollution is a major environmental risk to human health and well-being. According to WHO reports in 2012, ambient (outdoor) and indoor air pollution was linked to 7 million premature deaths worldwide. Most were attributed to cardiovascular diseases (stroke and ischemic heart disease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Yet, 92% of the […]
Chondrosarcoma, a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin, is the most common of the adult primary bone cancers. Forty percent of primary bone cancers are chondrosarcoma. However as chondrosarcoma typically does not respond to radiation and chemotherapy, […]
Chondrosarcoma, a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin, is the most common of the adult primary bone cancers. Forty percent of primary bone cancers are chondrosarcoma. However as chondrosarcoma typically does not respond to radiation and chemotherapy, surgery is the main treatment […]
Air pollution is a major environmental risk to human health and wellbeing. According to WHO reports in 2012, ambient (outdoor) and indoor air pollution was linked to seven million premature deaths worldwide. Most of them were attributed to cardiovascular diseases (stroke and ischemic heart disease), chronic obstructive pulmonary […]